| Lời nói trực tiếp | Lời nói gián tiếp | |
| Định nghĩa | Lặp lại chính xác những từ của người nói, được đặt trong dấu ngoặc kép “ ”. | Tường thuật lại ý của người nói, đôi khi không cần dùng đúng những từ của người nói. |
| Ví dụ | She said: “I have never visited foreign countries.” | She said that she had never visited foreign countries. |
Thì của các động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp sẽ lùi một thì so với thì các động từ trong lời nói trực tiếp.
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Lời nói trực tiếp |
Lời nói gián tiếp |
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Simple preset (HTĐ) He said: “I don’t understand.” |
Simple past (QKĐ) He said (that) he didn’t understand. |
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Present continuous (HTTD) He said: “I’m looking for my phone.” |
Past continuous (QKTD) He said (that) he was looking for his phone. |
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Present perfect (HTHT) They said: “We have worked here for three years.” |
Past perfect (QKHT) They said (that) they had worked there for three years. |
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Present perfect continuous (HTHTTD) She said: “I has been teaching this class for hours.” |
Past perfect continuous (QKHTTD) She said (that) she had been teaching that class for hours. |
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Past simple (QKĐ) They said: “We went to the cinema yesterday.” |
Past perfect (QKHT) They said they had gone to the cinema the previous day. |
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Past continuous (QKTD) She said: “I was reading books during the break.” |
Past perfect continuous (QKHTTD) She said she had been reading books during the break. |
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Past perfect (QKHT) He said: “I had finished my assignment. ” |
Past perfect (QKHT) He said (that) he had finished his assignment. |
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Past perfect continuous (QKHTTD) She said: “I had been working at that company for three years.” |
Past perfect continuous (QKHTTD) She said (that) she had been working at that company for three years. |
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Future simple (TLĐ) He said: “I will do it later.” |
Future in the past (TL trong QK) He said (that) he would do it later. |
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Modal verb (Động từ khuyết thiếu) can, will, should, must Linh asked, " You can all go home early today." |
Modal verb could, would, should, must / had to Linh said we could all go home early. |
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Lời nói trực tiếp |
Lời nói gián tiếp |
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Lời nói trực tiếp |
Lời nói gián tiếp |
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Chủ ngữ |
Tân ngữ |
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I We You |
he / she they I / we |
me us you |
his / her them me / us |
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Đại từ sở hữu |
Tính từ sở hữu |
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mine ours yours |
his / hers theirs mine / ours |
my our your |
his / her their my / our |
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Ví dụ: He said: “My grandparents and I have lived here for 6 months.” - He said that his grandparents and he had lived there for 6 months. |
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Lưu ý: Khi tường thuật lại lời nói của chính mình, đại từ và tính từ sở hữu không thay đổi.
Ví dụ: I said: "I like my house."
I said that I liked my house.
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Lời nói trực tiếp |
Lời nói gián tiếp |
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Trạng từ chỉ thời gian |
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today “I have a piano lesson today,” she said. |
that day She said (that) she had a piano lesson that day. |
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now “The children are playing now,” the woman said. |
then / at that time The woman said (that) the children were playing then/ at that time. |
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yesterday “I went to the park yesterday,” he said. |
the day before/the previous day He said he had gone to the park the day before/ the previous day. |
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ago “I saw her two weeks ago,” the man said. |
before The man said (that) he had seen her two weeks before. |
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last week “I visited my grandpa last week,” the boy said. |
the week before / the previous week The boy said (that) he had visited his grandpa the week before / the previous week. |
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next week “I have an appointment next week,” the professor said. |
the week after / the following week The professor said (that) he had an appointment the following week / the week after. |
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tomorrow “I will see you tomorrow,” the child said. |
the next day / the following day The child said (that) he would see me the next day / the following day. |
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Trạng từ chỉ địa điểm |
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here “Come here,” the woman told her son. |
there The woman told her son to come there. |
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Từ chỉ định |
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this “I will be busy this week,” she said. |
that She said that she would be busy that week. |
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these “These dresses are very expensive,” she said. |
those She said (that) those dresses were very expensive. |
| Cấu trúc | Ví dụ |
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S + said / said to sb / told sb + (that) S + V. |
The man said: “I work in a bank.” The man said that he worked in a bank. |
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Trường hợp |
Ví dụ |
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1 |
Khi động từ tường thuật ở các thì hiện tại và tương lai. |
He says, “I don’t know the answer to your question.” - He says to me that he doesn’t know the answer to my question. |
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2 |
Khi nói về sự thật hiển nhiên, chân lý, hành động lặp đi lặp lại ở hiện tại. |
My teacher said: “The sun rises in the East.” - My teachers said the sun rises in the East. |
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3 |
Các câu điều kiện loại 2, 3 |
She said: “If I had money, I would travel around the world.” - She said if she had money, she would travel around the world |
Ôn thi vào 10 môn Tiếng Anh